The Nosey Genealogist

You probably may have had some experience of looking up ancestors using the International Genealogical Index (IGI) on the website of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) http://www.familysearch.org . If not I should explain that it is a compilation of entries from baptism and marriage registers drawn from parishes and their equivalent form all over the world. For those of us with UK roots it represents us well with index records with some English counties in particular having excellent coverage.

Once again I am indebted to Pharos Tutors for introducing me a handy website that aids the family history researcher find their way around the LDS site and helps us know what registers are available on the IGI. It is the site maintained by Hugh Wallis.

http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~hughwallis/IGIBatchNumbers.htm

As Hugh Wallis says, in the introduction to his website, it is not always simple to find your ancestors (even when they are there to be found in the IGI) using the search mechanisms provided by familysearch.org. The reason being that to search by last name only is not permitted unless you search within a single batch of records at a time or, across the entire country! Now a search for a last name across the whole of England is a very tall order, remember it is not even a search of single county, let alone a town you are having to do. If you have a rare name, Hugh Wallis suggests, might be OK to do, but if you are looking for a Smith or a Jones then you have a big problem!

The possible ranges he allows you to access are the Births/Christenings and Marriages. I really can not recommend this tool highly enough.

Lastly, just remember that the IGI:

• is incomplete – and this applies not only on a parish by parish basis, but to within parishes as well where gaps may also be found

• is compiled from several different types of record including members of the church supplying information that can be inaccurate and not only from the original parish register

• has countless mistakes due to problems with interpreting handwriting and the fore mentioned member submitted entries

• does not, except for a few cases, cover burials;

• is only an index and as such should not be considered a substitute for looking at the original record.

As I try to get back a generation from where the census records on line stop in 1841 I am having to turn to Parish Records. For my Scottish line I have been able to use the easily accessed old parish records (OPR) on Scotlandspeople website, but for my English line the lack of scanned records means the challenge of learning how to break into this area of family history research is a fascinating new subject for me.

I was re-reading the first chapter of The book on British Genealogy and Family History yesterday. I am talking about Mark Herber’s book Ancestral Trails.

It has a great section on understanding relationships. No I don’t mean its a help for couples going through tough times, more what the terms stepfather, half-brother and so on means! It explains simply that “step” indicates that there is no blood relationship between parties and only a relationship through marriage. “Half” is something different and is where the parties only have one parent in common.

Now I was very aware of this terminology myself as, in my family, I have a stepmother and a half-sister and had a step-grandfather. So, while these relationships are actual fact, somehow to me when I see these cold terms used to describe people that I am extremely fond it appears to me as if I am trying to distance myself from them in some way. I’d like to take this opportunity to say that this is just not true. But in Family history research we sometimes have to be precise in relationships and detail exactly where and how people fit into our family tree. None more so when we have to deal with illegitimacy.

Where as today, being born to parents that are not married carries little stigma, in the past it was a different story and so it needs to be dealt with sensitively when dealing with relatives of a different generation.

Staying with this chapter from Mark Herber’s book I was amused to realise that when, at a family wedding, my first cousin once removed, introduced me to one of her friends of her own generation as being “Mum’s cousin” she was in fact being completely correct in her description. As Herber says: “Relationships between cousins are more complex. Cousins are people who share a common ancestor…The children of two siblings are “first” cousins of each other. The children of two first cousins are “second” cousins of each other and so on.”

OK so far, but then we move on to different generations. The word we use to denote this is “removed” so my first cousin’s daughter is my cousin once removed. When she has a child it will be my first cousin twice removed. We have to work out the number of intervening generations between ourselves and the common ancestor and use that number before the word “removed”. Now here comes the bit that I had forgotten!

“The word “removed” is generally only used to express relationships down a family tree.” So this was why Jenny, my first cousin once removed, being the daughter of my first cousin Julie was correct when she referred to me as her “mum’s cousin”

Here ends the pedant’s lesson for today!

Mark Herber’s book Ancestral Trails available from all good bookshops.

I’ve been doing a bit of genealogical research recently using the BMD indexes of vital records from the GRO. For any new Family Historians reading this, the following is something I’ve distilled out of a super course offered by Pharos Tutors online.

Until July 1837 there was not a “nationwide” system for recording Births Marriages and Deaths. What England and Wales did have was a parish register system administered by the Church of England, which had been in operation since 1538.

The state, however, increasingly wanted to be able to count its citizens and produce some sort of meaningful statistics with a view to finding out if the population of the country was going up over time. Another worry, for the authorities, was the marriage law that had become unsatisfactory in the 18th century because of the number of non-conformists worshipping outside of the established church. While Jews and Quakers kept records they were, of course, outside of the system and yet other religious groups were not keeping any form of register at all. So, by 1832, when parliamentary and constitutional reforms were passed and followed by reform of the poor law system in 1843, the state could now do something about the situation.

Thus, in 1836, two Acts of Parliament were passed…

1. The Marriage Act - which amended existing legislation for marriage procedures and brought in the addition of the registry office marriage which allowed non conformist to marry in a civil ceremony. Sometimes you will see it referred to as the “Dissenters Marriage Bill”
2. Act for Registering Births Marriages & Deaths in England - which repealed previous legislation that regulated parish and other registers.

By the summer of 1837, the first published indexes were produced with the September quarter index. It included all the births, marriages and deaths for July, August and September of the year being sent in to the General Register Office by the various Superintendent Registrars who, in turn, had collated the returns from local registrars. The Superintendent Registrar’s districts were based on those of the old Poor Law Unions and this means that some of them would be based on districts that may stray over county borders and thus could be a cause of confusion for today’s genealogical researcher!

So beware when looking for that elusive ancestor that should have been born, married or died in one county only to find that they appear in the registers of a town in the neighbouring one!

So its back to work after the August Bank Holiday and a weekend doing a little family history in between all the other stuff. One of my colleagues at work, who knows that I have been ‘doing’ my family tree, announced today that hearing about my successes she was thinking of setting out on the trail of her own ancestors.

“Where do you start?” she asked.

“With you, of course and then work backwards.” I replied.

If you are new to this and were to ask any good genealogist what to do, my bet is that they are likely to tell you the same “start with yourself first and work backwards” Excuse me repeating it again, but I really would not want anyone to miss this as it is such an important message from the genealogist’s point of view.

Next you should talk to family members to see what they have ferreted away in cupboards, sheds, trunks (what my grandparents called their suitcases!) and not forgetting, in the back of their minds! This is also the time to renew the old-fashioned mode of communication, the one of writing letters to distant relatives; including, where appropriate, a self addressed stamped envelope. If the relatives are distant in miles and live on the other side of the world, well then you may like to try an email. This only works if the relative is on line, more is the shame!

So what advice can I give to my work mate and anyone just starting out?

Here is a five point plan for Family Research.

1. Begin with known facts and work back, each time you obtain a new piece of information, checking it against an original record.

2. Make sure you document your source at each stage and this includes a person or a record!

3. When you turn down a blind alley, keep a record of this research. This should stop you making the same mistake again later on in your search.

4. Don’t assume that anything you have been told or information supplied by another person is correct. Do your own research and check the authenticity of information given to you by others.

5. When you hit the inevitable brick wall then seek help of family history societies or forums on the Internet.

What are and where are the National Archives for the United Kingdom?

The National Archives are in Ruskin Avenue in Kew, Surrey which is just on the southern outskirts of London. They were once called the Public Records Office and you will often see the letters ‘PRO’ used as a short name when doing genealogical research. Today you are just as likely to come across ‘TNA’ in your family history researching online and in the written media.

TNA is where the records of the UK central government are deposited if they are considered worth preserving. What is more it is where the records are kept for the English law courts.

While many people will visit the Kew site of TNA, a great many others will go to its website. The advantage of this if you, like me, live a long way from Surrey, is obvious! Within the TNA website is Documents Online, which will allow a researcher to order documents, some to view online and others to be sent by mail.

www.nationalarchives.gov.uk is a website that is quickly developing into one of the best internet resources for family historians as well as for military historians and others. Perhaps it should be said that it is probably not a good idea to use it to start your family history at the moment as it is huge and requires a lot of getting used to.

If you take a look at the Catalogue, you will find that it is not like a library catalogue. At first it seems to be so very complicated and almost perverse in stopping a researcher from finding what one is looking for. The catalogue’s function is to describe and then list in a hierarchical order, all the records that the TNA hold.

Some people may think that they are looking at a catalogue of documents, but it is actually one of ‘records’ as it would be a task of mammoth proportions to describe all the many documents whose home is at TNA. Individual documents fall into categories, which are called ’series’. Series are arranged by the department of government that created them or, in some cases, were the past custodians of the documents.

So if you are to use this resource you will need to understand how the various arms of government worked in the form of which departments are likely to have created the records and how they would have been organised.

There are about ten million descriptions on the TNA catalogue, but they are not all of the same detail or quality. Some are more detailed, especially if the creating government department gave more importance to the record series than others. In the case of the series that is well detailed, in its description, it may even give the searcher descriptions of the documents! But so many others will give little clue as to what is exactly contained in the series in question.

So what have we learnt here?
The catalogue is not a searchable index of documents held at TNA.
It is a searchable index of records, or more precisely descriptions of records that are arranged hierarchically in up to seven stages.

To order a copy of a document to be posted to you will need a note to be taken of the catalogue reference. This reference is in several parts.

The department code, which is between one and four letters, e.g. War office = WO, Home Office = HO

The series description - a number which can be one to four figures
e.g. HO 102

The piece or item number - e.g.WO364/1000

This actually refers not to a document but to a microfilm reel that contains the documents. Here it is armed forces service records from 1914-1920 and in particular for Soldiers’ Documents and Pension Claims, First World War and being the surnames between Desmond, Michael and Davenport, Harry.

If you want more help with the catalogue then I would take a look here: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/about.asp

I have found a great article called “Q & A on the census” in a back edition of the Family Tree Magazine for January 2008.

It gives some back ground as to why, how and where the census were taken. E.g: Did you know that the first one was in 1801? Most people are aware that we can use the 1841 to 1901 census for genealogical research, but census have, it seems, been taken since 1801 to the present day with the exception of 1941 which fell in the World War II period. But only the returns from 1841 onwards have details that are of any good to family historians. The earlier ones didn’t ask for names of all those in the households.

A useful box on the page gives the dates for the returns that we as family historians use. In 1841 it was the 6th June, while in 1851 the census was taken on the 30th March, then the 7th April for 1861, the 2nd April in 1871, the 3rd April in 1881, 5th April for 1891 and the 31st March in 1901.

How were the census details obtained? This question is answered with the following:

“Registration districts were too large to be covered by a single person so were subdivided into sub-districts and these were again divided  into enumeration districts. In rural areas an enumeration district was the area that could be walked in a day by the person (the enumerator) collecting the schedules. In many instances this would be just one village, whereas a large town would be made up of many enumeration and sub-districts.”

It would seem, from the article, that in the week before the census the enumerator would have delivered to the household the form or schedule and everyone that slept under the roof that particular night would have been included in the return even if it was not their regular home. What was interesting for me was the clarification of the instructions to the enumerators.

No person present was to be left out and those not present were not to be included; which I knew. But what if someone was working over night? Well they were to be included on the census return for the house that they would return to the next morning. This does seem obvious now, but it is good to have it confirmed.

Once the schedules were collected and any not filled out were completed by the enumerator asking questions to gather the correct information, the schedules were copied into the enumerator’s book and these are the documents that we can obtain images of on sites such as ancestry.co.uk or findmypast.com etc. today.

I had gone a little way into my paternal line, with loads more to do, when I just thought I would take a quick look at my mother’s ancestry. My mum died a few hours after I was born in the late 1950’s and my maternal grandmother did much to bring me up.

Grandma would mention her father with obvious pride throughout my childhood but I took in very little about him other than he was Scottish. Now that I was researching family history I was interested in finding out more about this great-grandfather of mine, but sadly my grandmother had passed on by this time. An elder cousin was able to furnish me with an extract of a birth registration for Edward A M Hay that had been obtained several years before, from Edinburgh, by my grandmother. The first surprise for me was that this Scotsman, my great-grandfather was born in Tours, France! He was registered, however, as a British Subject as the son of Charles Crossland Hay and Jeanette Whitelaw Wemyss (HAY).

I now used the excellent website www.ScotlandsPeople.gov.uk and quickly found  that the Scottish records were fantastic and so much more accessible than those south of the border where I was slowly trying to find my father’s ancestors. On ScotlandsPeople I could search the Statutory records, Births from 1855 to 2006, marriages 1855-1932 and deaths 1855-2006 and also the Old Parish Records for the births and baptisms 1553-1854 and banns & marriages 1553-1854. What is more, unlike the English parish records, I could buy images of the documents on line to be posted to me at home. I found the bans of marriage for my great-great grandparents and ordered them up so that, a few days later, the envelope from Edinburgh was there on my door mat. I could now see the place of marriage was at Jeanette’s fathers house in Aberdour, Fife in July 1832 and that Charles was living in Auchindenny House in the parish of Lasswade, Midlothian (Edinburgh).

From them I was able to find their parents. All of a sudden I was off at speed tracing the lines backwards in time. Back to the 1630’s in the case of the Hays!

What was a surprise was that I had found my mother’s Scottish line was of gentry stock, with the odd Aristocrat and an Episcopalian Bishop who was Primus of Scotland for good measure, the further back I went. This started to make it easy once I found Key ancestors as the aristocratic families are well documented on the internet and an especially useful site for me was that of www.Stirnet.com

If you are tracing Scottish Family History I wholeheartedly recommend these resources to you.

Once I had the names of places in Scotland that my forbearers came from I made some time in the Summer to take three days out and visit them. I got to see Castles and houses and the sites of ruins and to discover that I am probably a descendent of a Norman called William da Haya, Cupbearer to King Malcolm IV 1154-1164 & King William ‘The Lion’ of Scots 1165-1214.

http://www.nicholasthorne.com/Three%20days%20in%20Scotland-Introduction.html

Its what many of us dream about, being able to say we are the descendent of someone rich and powerful.

If, like me, you have searched for hours to try and find an ancestor’s birth, marriage or death with no luck and wondered if it is something that you have been doing wrong, then just consider the following list that I was introduced to recently while doing a course with Pharos Tutors to make me a better family history researcher.

• Wrong registration district – are you looking in the one that you assume your ancestor should have been registered in? Think about looking in neighbouring districts as they may be found there instead. You may not know, as I didn’t, that early registrars were paid by results and that they were responsible for gathering the information. Later the responsibility was transferred to the public to register births, marriages and deaths.
• Looking in the wrong year. You may have been given the ‘received wisdom’ that great-great grandfather was born in a particular year. Did you know that professional probate researchers, that give evidence in court, will look for a person up to 100 years of age when searching for a death. Will look for a woman’s marriage up to the age of 100! Search up to 25years after marriage for the birth of a child and keep in mind that some people may marry several years after a child was born.
• Wrong name – Could you be looking for the middle name instead of the first? Many people are known by a second name rather than their first so a John Alan Smith may have been called Alan Smith all his life. His name may have been spelt Allan, or Alun so watch out for spelling variations. Be aware that people may be incorrectly indexed or spelt differently. Also they may have reverted to a previous name after the collapse of a marriage.
• Family stories that send you off on a wild goose chase like looking for the handsome Irishman in one branch of my family that all seem to be from Devon, with the exception of a small bit of Cornish that crept in.
• Inconsistent searching. Not recording what you have already done, many of us may hold our hands up to this!
• Simply your ancestor was not registered. This may occur especially in the early years after the introduction of civil registration in 1875 but should be more rare after 1875. In between 1837 and 1875 some districts were under registered.

I hope this helps some of you, it certainly has for me as I have some elusive fore-bearers whom I am still trying to locate using Ancestry and the excellent FreeBMD on the Internet and had lost my way until I did the course and realised that I should think around the problem more than homing in on what and where I thought these ancestors should be.

I was talking to someone recently who asked me to show them how to use Ancestry.co.uk to find their ancestors.

Now, like many people who have done a bit of family history research, I take it for granted that others can find their way around that site and with a few clicks start building their own family tree. It was only when my friend started asking me for a written list of what pages to go to and which things to click on that I realised that, to some, it doesn’t seem that easy.

I decided to use a really useful piece of software that I have on my PC called Camtasia and record the exact pages and the clicks on them that I would make if I was starting out in populating my family tree. My friend now had a short video to watch rather than the written list of pages they had expected. I know it is so much easier to ’show’ than to ‘tell’ and so I got to thinking that if I burned my video onto CDs then maybe others might like to get their hands on them.

I have teamed up with The Printed Word Bookshop www.JerseyBookshop.co.uk to sell this first disc for £12.50 plus postage. If you want a copy just go here:

http://www.jerseybookshop.co.uk/promotions.htm

I have written to The Generations Network who own Ancestry and they have given me permission to use their website in the demonstration so I am ready to go.

When you get hold of a copy and watch the screencast you will see me trace my grandfather in the 1901 census, find his birth in the BMD indexes on Ancestry and more. I may make more of these help videos, so watch out for more information in the future.